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Diamond Education. Understanding the 4 C's of a diamond (color, cut, carat, clarity) and the factors that impact its quality, price and value. For instance, a 1 carat marquise tends to appear larger than a 1 carat round. The chart below illustrates why. For each diamond, the chart shows the following: Approximate size The diamond images shown are a very close approximation of the actual size of a 1 carat excellent cut for each shape.

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A window receives keyboard input in the form of keystroke messages and character messages. The message loop attached to the window must include code to translate keystroke messages into the corresponding character messages. If the window displays keyboard input in its client area, it should create and display a caret to indicate the position where the next character will be entered. The following sections describe the code involved in receiving, processing, and displaying keyboard input:

Processing Keystroke Messages

The window procedure of the window that has the keyboard focus receives keystroke messages when the user types at the keyboard. The keystroke messages are WM_KEYDOWN, WM_KEYUP, WM_SYSKEYDOWN, and WM_SYSKEYUP. A typical window procedure ignores all keystroke messages except WM_KEYDOWN. The system posts the WM_KEYDOWN message when the user presses a key.

When the window procedure receives the WM_KEYDOWN message, it should examine the virtual-key code that accompanies the message to determine how to process the keystroke. The virtual-key code is in the message's wParam parameter. Typically, an application processes only keystrokes generated by noncharacter keys, including the function keys, the cursor movement keys, and the special purpose keys such as INS, DEL, HOME, and END.

The following example shows the window procedure framework that a typical application uses to receive and process keystroke messages.

Translating Character Messages

Any thread that receives character input from the user must include the TranslateMessage function in its message loop. This function examines the virtual-key code of a keystroke message and, if the code corresponds to a character, places a character message into the message queue. The character message is removed and dispatched on the next iteration of the message loop; the wParam parameter of the message contains the character code.

In general, a thread's message loop should use the TranslateMessage function to translate every message, not just virtual-key messages. Although TranslateMessage has no effect on other types of messages, it guarantees that keyboard input is translated correctly. The following example shows how to include the TranslateMessage function in a typical thread message loop.

Processing Character Messages

A window procedure receives a character message when the TranslateMessage function translates a virtual-key code corresponding to a character key. The character messages are WM_CHAR, WM_DEADCHAR, WM_SYSCHAR, and WM_SYSDEADCHAR. A typical window procedure ignores all character messages except WM_CHAR. The TranslateMessage function generates a WM_CHAR message when the user presses any of the following keys:

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• Any character key
• BACKSPACE
• ENTER (carriage return)
• ESC
• SHIFT+ENTER (linefeed)
• TAB

When a window procedure receives the WM_CHAR message, it should examine the character code that accompanies the message to determine how to process the character. The character code is in the message's wParam parameter.

The following example shows the window procedure framework that a typical application uses to receive and process character messages.

Using the Caret

A window that receives keyboard input typically displays the characters the user types in the window's client area. A window should use a caret to indicate the position in the client area where the next character will appear. The window should also create and display the caret when it receives the keyboard focus, and hide and destroy the caret when it loses the focus. A window can perform these operations in the processing of the WM_SETFOCUS and WM_KILLFOCUS messages. For more information about carets, see Carets.

Displaying Keyboard Input

The example in this section shows how an application can receive characters from the keyboard, display them in the client area of a window, and update the position of the caret with each character typed. Disk cleaner free hd space 1 6. It also demonstrates how to move the caret in response to the LEFT ARROW, RIGHT ARROW, HOME, and END keystrokes, and shows how to highlight selected text in response to the SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW key combination.

During processing of the WM_CREATE message, the window procedure shown in the example allocates a 64K buffer for storing keyboard input. It also retrieves the metrics of the currently loaded font, saving the height and average width of characters in the font. The height and width are used in processing the WM_SIZE message to calculate the line length and maximum number of lines, based on the size of the client area.

The window procedure creates and displays the caret when processing the WM_SETFOCUS message. Adobe indesign 2020 15 0 10. It hides and deletes the caret when processing the WM_KILLFOCUS message.

When processing the WM_CHAR message, the window procedure displays characters, stores them in the input buffer, and updates the caret position. The window procedure also converts tab characters to four consecutive space characters. Backspace, linefeed, and escape characters generate a beep, but are not otherwise processed.

The window procedure performs the left, right, end, and home caret movements when processing the WM_KEYDOWN message. While processing the action of the RIGHT ARROW key, the window procedure checks the state of the SHIFT key and, if it is down, selects the character to the right of the caret as the caret is moved.

Note that the following code is written so that it can be compiled either as Unicode or as ANSI. If the source code defines UNICODE, strings are handled as Unicode characters; otherwise, they are handled as ANSI characters.

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